INTERVAL TRAINING |
Interval training generally
Interval
training is a wide concept and the choice of type is determined by the sport you
practice. A marathon runner will train in a different way than a 100 meter sprinter.
The interval training can be focused to train the heart and circulation, lactic
acid tolerance, the speed or something else. Common for all is however, that they
must improve the speed of absorption of oxygen.
It is typical that if you
have chosen to perform an exercise under great strain, the ability to continue under
the same strain will be smaller and smaller and in the end stop completely.
Example: A runner is able to run a distance at high speed. If the distance is
doubled, the runner cannot maintain the pace, but must reduce the speed or start
more slowly.
Instead the distance is divided into intervals.
The principle
of interval training is simple:
Strain of training * intensity
Amount
of turns (intervals)
If you for instance have decided to run a distance of
4 kilometres. That distance is now divided into 4 x 1000 meter and 3 breaks is put
in each lasting 3 minutes.
The distance can also be dived into 8 x 500 meters
with 7 x 3 minutes break
In both cases you are running 4 kilometres, but
because of the breaks, you can put on more speed and therefore runs the distance
with a higher pulse for as long time as possible.
The aim is while running
to keep a pace which makes the pulse to raise between 90 percent and maximum 100
per cent, but that the interval is not so long, that get into "lactic acid overload"
and therefore becomes so exhausted, that you cannot train optimally for several
days.
The breaks must last so long, that your body has time to recover and
remove a pert of the lactic acid, which is produced while running. The break however
must not be so long that the pulse drips too much or you get cold. It is a good
idea to keep on moving during the breaks (jogging, jumping), as it helps the muscles
to get rid of the waste products
It is important to find a suitable balance
between speed, length of the intervals, number of intervals and the breaks. It is
not the aim so save strength for the last interval, but to reach the highest pulse
or as close to this in as long time as possible.
This means that each interval
must resemble the previous and here the difficult part lies. The first interval
may seem easy and you are tempted to do a little more, but then it becomes difficult
- to be able to continue in the same way in the remaining intervals. Therefore:
Perform the planned intervals correct and identical.
The interval training
does not have to be only running. It can also be a combination of the things, which
shall be improved, for example endurance (running long distances) and speed (sprint
in shorter distances).
All can participate in interval training regardless
of the state of training. But of course considerations must be taken when the training
is planned. If you has a team, the members must be in the same state of fitness
(or close). If not the training could mean a light warming up for some and a deadly
exhaustion to others. As a basic rule the interval training must be started then
the basic condition is in place..
Remember to warm up before the interval
training.
After the interval training: Stretching and "jogging off"
Example of a run:
4 * 1000 m. with 3 minutes break
10 * 2 minutes run
with 2 minutes break
5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 minutes run with 4 minutes break
5 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 5 minutes run with 4 and 2 minutes break by turns
Pulse training
It can be difficult to find the maximal pulse,
as it demands that you press the body to increase the intensity every minute until
the pulse cannot raise any more. The test is very demanding, especially mentally
Some use the formula 220 minus your age, but this method is quite unreliable,
as there biological can be a difference of up to 20 heart beat. The resting pulse
is also interesting and tells about your form. The lower pulse the better condition.
A simple way to find the resting pulse is to take the pulse when you awake in the
morning.
When you know the maximal pulse and the resting pulse, you also
know the pulse reserve. That is: maximal pulse - resting pulse, example 200 - 65
= 135.
When these figures are in place you can start using Karvonens formula:
You want to work with an intensity of 90 per cent:
The formula is now:
(intensity in per cent * pulse reserve) + resting pulse, that is ((90*135)+65)/100
If you want to know which in which intensity you are working, the sum is:
(Working pulse - resting pulse/pulse reserve = intensity in percent. that is:
((187-65)*100)/135 = 90 per cent
Now it is possible to work with interval
training and pulse. The best thing is of course to buy a pulse watch, on which you
can read your present pulse instead of guessing/feeling it.
Interval training in a hall
It is also possible
to run in the sports hall, but it is not exiting to run around and around. Instead
some handball related interval training can be performed
In handball it is
not so important to be able to run 10-15 kilometres, but to be able to change between
explosive running/movements and a more "relaxed" playing style for a long time,
with some breaks on the bench
This does not mean that running is to be dropped.
Running is an indispensable part of the condition-based basic training.
Exercise
1
Distance 20 meter
Lie on the belly with front at the center of the court.
On a signal the players runs quickly to the other side and lie down on the belly
with front at the center. On a signal they run back and lie down.
Next time
they run they must lie down twice before running back and lie down 2 times. That
means: arrive - lie down - stand up - lie down - run back - arrive - lie down -
stand up - lie down.
Then 3 times - 4 times ....
The amount of times the
run is performed is dependent of the condition of the players.
Then a break/stretch
for 2-3 minutes.
The exercise is repeated or another interval exercises is
performed.
Exercise 2
Play 2 against 2
Exercise 3 - Exercises for
2 players
30 sec. exercises - the team-mate has a break as relay player.
- 3 steps forward - jump shot pass - 1 push-up - backwards run receiving the
ball - 3 steps forward and so on.
- Run against cone and back. Distances
5-10-15-20 meter.
- Catch up ball
The team-mate rolls the ball forward
and the player sprints to pick up the ball. The ball is returned and the players
runs to the starting position. The ball is rolled forward again and so on. The ball
must be rolled in such a way that it is possible to catch up with it within 5 meters.
Exercise 4
Cones are placed in the hall with different distances.
The players are running from cone to cone in the following pattern: Ordinary
running - sprint - ordinary running - sprint and so on until all the cones have
been passed a couple of times. The a break and the exercise is started again.
Many more exercises can be made - that is up to you.
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